Selección de
Resúmenes de Menopausia
Semana del 2
al 8 de Abril de 2008
Juan Enrique
Blümel. Departamento Medicina Sur. Universidad de Chile
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2008 Feb;54(1):25-9
Development
of a simple food frequency questionnaire to estimate intakes of calcium and
other nutrients for the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
Uenishi K, Ishida H, Nakamura K.
Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition,
There have been no simple methods to estimate dietary
nutrient intakes for the prevention and management of osteoporosis. The aim of
this study was to develop and validate a new, simple food frequency questionnaire
(FFQ) for dietary intake of calcium and other nutrients relevant to the bone
health of adult Japanese women. We developed a 28-item FFQ. To validate this,
208 and 72 adult women aged between 18 and 69 y were recruited for testing
reliability and reproducibility, respectively. In the 208 women,
moderate-to-high Spearman's correlation coefficients between our FFQ and the
conventional diet record method were found in intakes of calcium (r=0.668),
sodium chloride (NaCl) (r=0.475), vitamin A (r=0.501), vitamin D (r=0.413),
vitamin K (r=0.649), and energy (r=0.471). In the 72 women, coefficients of
variance of the four repeated measurements of intakes throughout a year were
14.1% for calcium, 7.3% for NaCl, 21.2% for vitamin A, 13.6% for vitamin D,
36.8% for vitamin K, and 9.6% for energy. In conclusion, the FFQ we developed
is a useful tool to evaluate the intake of dietary calcium of adult Japanese
women. Although it can also measure intakes of dietary vitamin A, vitamin D,
vitamin K, NaCl, and energy, further improvement is needed to measure intakes
of these nutrients and energy.
Curr
Med Res Opin. 2008 Apr 2 [Epub ahead of print]
New
insights into the role of vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis management: an
expert roundtable discussion.
Bischoff-Ferrari
HA, Papapoulos
SE, de Papp AE, West JA.
BACKGROUND: Adequate vitamin D and calcium nutrition
play a critical role in the maintenance of musculoskeletal health and are
considered the first step in osteoporosis treatment.ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION: In
February 2008 Merck Sharp & Dohme sponsored a 2-day, evidence-based expert
panel on the benefits of vitamin D for the patient with osteoporosis and the
role of vitamin D in combination with antiresorptive therapy for the management
of osteoporosis. One of the primary objectives of the meeting was to review new
data on the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. The symposium
was attended by 29 researchers and clinicians from Europe and the
Am
J Epidemiol. 2008 Apr 2 [Epub ahead of print
Age-specific
Trends in Mammographic Density: The
Kelemen LE, Pankratz VS, Sellers TA, Brandt KR, Wang A, Janney C, Fredericksen
ZS, Cerhan JR, Vachon CM.
Department of Health Sciences Research,
Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for
breast cancer, yet few studies have evaluated density trends, and associated
factors, over time. The authors retrieved and digitized mammograms (>/=1 per
woman) imaged in 1990-2003 to evaluate percent density (PD) in the Minnesota
Breast Cancer Family cohort. Multivariable-adjusted, mixed-effects,
repeated-measures models incorporating a natural cubic spline provided estimates
of nonlinear trends in PD with age and were used to examine association with
covariates. Overall, 5,698 mammograms from 1,689 women with covariate
information were digitized. In descriptive analyses, the highest median PD was
33.1% (interquartile range, 21.8%; n = 230) among premenopausal women, 31.0%
(interquartile range, 23.2%; n = 175) among women who transitioned from pre- to
postmenopause, and 18.7% (interquartile range, 22.2%; n = 1,284) among
postmenopausal women. On average, premenopausal compared with postmenopausal
women had 1.9% (p = 0.001) higher PD. In repeated-measures analyses, greater
declines in PD occurred with menopause and among women with higher baseline PD;
current postmenopausal hormone use and higher body mass index modified these
declines (p interaction < 0.001). No significant modification of the density
change with age was seen with parity/age at first birth, age at menarche, oral
contraceptive use, family history of breast or ovarian cancer in a first- or
second-degree relative, educational level, smoking status, or alcohol intake
were observed. These data suggest that menopause, baseline PD, postmenopausal
hormone use, and body mass index predict changes in mammographic density trends
during adult life.
J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Apr 1 [Epub ahead of print
Effects
of Denosumab on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women.
Bone HG, Bolognese
MA, Yuen CK, Kendler DL, Wang H, Liu Y, San Martin
J.
Michigan Bone and Mineral Clinic (H.G.B.), Detroit,
Michigan 48236; The Bethesda Health Research Center (M.A.B.), Bethesda, MD
20817-1106; University of Manitoba (C.K.Y.), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T
2N2; University of British Columbia (D.L.K.), Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;
Amgen Inc. (H.W., Y.L., J.S.M.),
Context: Denosumab is an investigational fully human
monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
(RANKL), a mediator of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast survival. Objective:
This study evaluated the ability of denosumab to increase bone mineral density
(BMD) and decrease bone turnover markers (BTMs) in early and later
postmenopausal women with low BMD. Design and Setting: This 2-year randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in
Br
J Nutr. 2008 Apr 1;:1-5 [Epub ahead of print
Identification
of a dietary pattern characterized by high-fat food choices associated with
increased risk of breast cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-
Schulz M, Hoffmann K, Weikert C, Nöthlings
U, Schulze MB, Boeing H.
Department of Epidemiology,
Epidemiological studies conducted thus far have mainly
used a single-nutrient approach which may not be sufficient in detecting
diet-cancer relationships. The aim of the study was to examine the association
of a food pattern based on explained variations in fatty acid intake by means
of reduced rank regression with breast cancer risk. Study participants were
female subjects (n 15 351) of the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study free of cancer at baseline and with
complete dietary and outcome information followed for an average of 6.0 years.
Among those, 137 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. We
identified a food pattern characterized by low consumption of bread, and fruit
juices, and high consumption of processed meat, fish, butter and other animal
fats, and margarine explaining >42 % of total variation in fatty acid intake
(SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA). Intake of all four fatty acid fractions was
positively associated with the pattern score. Adherence to this food pattern
adjusted for covariates was associated with a two-fold risk (hazard ratio 2.00;
95 % CI 1.30, 3.09) of breast cancer comparing extreme tertiles of the pattern
score. There was no evidence of effect modification by menopausal status,
overweight status and use of hormone replacement therapy, respectively. In
conclusion, a food pattern characterized by high-fat food choices was
significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Given that the
food pattern was high in all fatty acid fractions, we found evidence for total
dietary fat rather than for specific fatty acids to be associated with breast
cancer risk.
Altern
Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):21-33
Vitamin
D and fracture reduction: an evaluation of the existing research.
Director of Osteoporosis Education Project and the
Nutrition Education and Consulting Service, Syracuse, NY; medical
anthropologist, certified nutrition specialist (CNS); Email:
drsbrown@earthlink.net.
This article re-evaluates the literature on vitamin D and
fracture reduction, highlighting the relevance of new understandings for
fracture prevention. A new set of science-based research guidelines for
clinical trials on vitamin D and fracture is proposed. The existing clinical
trials on vitamin D and fracture are analyzed, focusing on studies that most
closely meet the proposed guidelines. An estimation of the true
fracture-reduction potential of therapeutic-level vitamin D supplementation is
offered. The analysis outlined in this article leads to a series of striking
conclusions. First, most of the available clinical trials and meta-analyses of
vitamin D and fracture underestimate the true fracture reduction potential of
vitamin D. Second, achievement of vitamin D serum sufficiency levels (now set
in the